COVID-19 Epidemic Outside China: 34 Founders and Exponential Growth
Abstract
Background
In December 2019, pneumonia infected with a novel coronavirus burst in Wuhan, China. Now the situation is almost controlled in China but is worse outside China. We aimed to build a mathematical model to capture the global trend of epidemics outside China.
Methods
In this retrospective, outside-China diagnosis number reported from Jan 21 to Feb 28, 2020 was downloaded from WHO website. We develop a simple regression model on these numbers: <disp-formula id="ueqn1"> <alternatives> <graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="20029819v2_ueqn1.gif" position="float" orientation="portrait"/> </alternatives> </disp-formula> where N t is the total diagnosed patient till the i th day, t=1 at Feb 1.
Findings
Based on this model, we estimate that there have been about 34 unobserved founder patients at the beginning of spread outside China. The global trend is approximately exponential, with the rate of 10 folds every 19 days.
Research in context
Evidence before this study
In December 2019, pneumonia infected with a novel coronavirus burst in Wuhan, China. Now the situation is almost controlled in China but is worse outside China. Now there are 4,691 patients across 51 countries and territories outside China. We searched PubMed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database for articles published up to Feb 28, 2020, using the keywords “COVID”, “novel coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV” or “2019 novel coronavirus”. No published work about the global trend of epidemics outside China could be identified.
Added value of this study
We built a simple “log-plus” linear model to capture the global trend of epidemics outside China. We estimate that there have been about 34 unobserved founder patients at the beginning of spread outside China. The global trend is approximately exponential, with the rate of 10 folds every 19 days.
Implications of all the available evidence
With the limited number of data points and the complexity of the real situation, a straightforward model is expected to work better. Our model suggests that the COVID-19 disease follows an approximate exponential growth model stably at the very beginning. We predict that the number of confirmed patients outside China will increase ten folds in every 19 days without strong intervention by applying our model. Powerful actions on public health should be taken to combat this epidemic all over the world.
Related articles
Related articles are currently not available for this article.