Ascertainment rate of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Japan

Objective

To estimate the ascertainment rate of novel coronavirus (COVID-19).

Methods

We analyzed the epidemiological dataset of confirmed cases with COVID-19 in Japan as of 28 February 2020. A statistical model was constructed to describe the heterogeneity of reporting rate by age and severity. We estimated the number of severe and non-severe cases, accounting for under-ascertainment.

Results

The ascertainment rate of non-severe cases was estimated at 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.37, 0.50), indicating that unbiased number of non-cases would be more than twice the reported count.

Conclusions

Severe cases are twice more likely diagnosed and reported than other cases. Considering that reported cases are usually dominated by non-severe cases, the adjusted total number of cases is also about a double of observed count. Our finding is critical in interpreting the reported data, and it is advised to interpret mild case data of COVID-19 as always under-ascertained.

Highlights

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  Epidemiological dataset of COVID-19 in Japan was analyzed.

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  The ascertainment rate of non-severe cases was estimated at 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.37, 0.50).

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  Severe cases are twice more likely diagnosed and reported than other cases.

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  Mild cases of COVID-19 are under-ascertained.