Clinical Characteristics and Durations of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Beijing: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Abstract
Objective
To give the information on clinical characteristics and different durations of COVID-19 and to identify the potential risk factors for longer hospitalization duration.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we enrolled 77 patients (mean age: 52±20 years; 44.2% males) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Beijing YouAn Hospital during 21 st Jan and 8 th February 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, and radiological data on admission were collected; complications and outcomes were followed up until 26 th February 2020. The study’s endpoint was the discharge within two weeks. Cox proportional-hazards regression was performed to identify risk factors for longer hospitalization duration.
Results
Of 77 patients, there were 34 (44.2%) males, 24 (31.2%) with comorbidities, 22 (28.6%) lymphopenia, 20 (26.0%) categorized as severe patients, and 28 (36.4%) occurred complications. By the end of follow-up, 64 (83.1%) patients were discharged home, 8 remained in hospital and 5 died. 36 (46.8%) patients were discharged within 14 days and thus reached the study endpoint, including 34 (59.6%) of 57 non-severe patients and 2 (10%) of 20 severe patients. The overall cumulative probability of the endpoint was 48.3%. Hospital length of stay and duration of exposure to discharge for 64 discharged patients were 13 (10-16.5) and 23 (18-24.5) days, respectively. Multivariable stepwise Cox regression model showed that bilateral pneumonia on CT scan, shorter time from the illness onset to admission, severity of disease and lymphopenia were independently associated with longer duration of hospitalization.
Conclusions
COVID-19 has significantly shorter duration of disease and hospital length of stay than SARS. Bilateral pneumonia on CT scan, shorter period of illness onset to admission, lymphopenia, severity of disease are the risk factors for longer hospitalization duration of COVID-19.
Significance Statement
In this study, we reported that the average hospital length of stay for discharged patients with COVID-19 is 13 days and the average time of clinical course of COVID-19 is 23 days, both of which are significantly shorter than that of SARS. The risk factors for longer hospitalization duration of COVID-19 include bilateral pneumonia on CT scan, shorter period of illness onset to admission, lymphopenia, and severity of disease. There findings might be helpful for the countries or territories facing the threat of COVID-19 to well prepare and rebalance their medical resources.
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