Computational fluid dynamic (CFD), air flow-droplet dispersion, and indoor CO₂ analysis for healthy public space configuration to comply with COVID 19 protocol

The droplet has a limited travel distance. Nonetheless, especially in the indoor public space the air flow can propagate the droplet to travel long distance. Based on this situation, this paper aims to study the relationships of seat configuration-social distance-air flow-droplet dispersions. The analysis was based on the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) using lattice-Boltzmann model (LBM). The result confirms that by modifying public space configuration in this case by providing more space and increasing seating distance can reduce the vulnerability towards droplet dispersions. Whereas, providing shield including adding protection is far more effective in avoiding dispersions. The public space reconfiguration including increasing seat distance and reducing seating capacity also has an effect in reducing the indoor CO₂. Capacity reduction from full capacity to 30% can decrease the CO₂ from 5722 to 2144 ppm.