The effective reproductive number (Rt) of COVID-19 and its relationship with social distancing

The expansion of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) triggered a renewed interest in epidemiological models and on how parameters can be estimated from observed data. Here we investigated the relationship between average number of transmissions though time, the reproductive number Rt , and social distancing index as reported by mobile phone data service inloco , for Goiás State, Brazil, between March and June 2020. We calculated Rt values using EpiEstim package in R-plataform for confirmed cases incidence curve. We found a correlation equal to −0.72 between Rt values and isolation index at a time lag of 8 days. As the Rt values were paired with center of the moving window of 7 days, the delay matches the mean incubation period of the virus. Our findings reinforce that isolation index can be an effective surrogate for modeling and epidemiological analyses and, more importantly, helpful for anticipating the need for early interventions, a critical issue in public health.