Assessment of a Laboratory-Based SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test Among Hemodialysis Patients: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Abstract
Introduction
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although tests to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been developed, their sensitivity and specificity in hemodialysis patients have not been previously assessed.
Methods
As part of a quality improvement (QI) initiative, nasopharyngeal swabs and predialysis blood samples were collected on the same day from adult patients receiving routine hemodialysis care at clinics managed by a large dialysis organization in the greater Miami, Florida region (23 – 30 Apr 2020). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 and chemiluminescence immunoassays for anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies were performed according to manufacturer-specified protocols.
Results
Of 715 participants in the QI initiative, 38 had symptomatology consistent with COVID-19 prior to or during the initiative. Among these, COVID-19 was PCR-confirmed in 14 and ruled out in 20, with the remaining 4 being inconclusive. Among the 34 patients with known COVID-19 status, the sensitivity and specificity of the antibody test were 57.1% and 85.0% when either antibody was considered. The remaining 677 patients had no record of symptoms consistent with COVID-19, nor any known exposure. Of these, 38 patients (5.6%) tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
Conclusions
The operational characteristics of the laboratory-based antibody test make it sufficient to rule in, but not rule out, SARS-CoV-2 infection in the appropriate clinical circumstance. A substantial proportion of dialysis patients may have had asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Related articles
Related articles are currently not available for this article.