Prevalence and Factors associated with Mental health impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: A survey based cross sectional study

  1. Tanvir Abir
  2. Nazmul Ahsan Kalimullah
  3. Uchechukwu L Osuagwu
  4. Dewan Muhammad Nur –A Yazdani
  5. Taha Husain
  6. Piwuna Christopher Goson
  7. Palash Basak
  8. Md Adnan Rahman
  9. Abdullah Al Mamun
  10. P. Yukthamarani Permarupan
  11. Md Yusuf Hossein Khan
  12. Kingsley Agho
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Abstract

Background

Feelings of isolation, insecurity, and instability triggered by COVID-19 could have a long-term impact on the mental health status of individuals. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with the mental health symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.

Methods

From 1st– 30thApril 2020, we used a validated self-administered questionnaire to conduct a cross-sectional study on 10,609 participants through an online survey platform. We assessed mental health status using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The total depression, anxiety, and stress subscale scores were divided into normal, mild, moderate, severe, and multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associated factors.

Results

The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15%, 34%, and 15% for mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms, respectively. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 59% for severe anxiety symptoms, 14% for moderate anxiety symptoms, and 14% for mild anxiety symptoms while, the prevalence for stress levels were 16% for severe stress level, 22% for moderate stress level and 13% for mild stress level. Multivariate analyses revealed that the most consistent factors associated with mild, moderate, and severe of the three mental health subscales (depression, anxiety, and stress) were respondents who lived in Dhaka and Rangpur division, females, those who self-quarantine in the previous 7 days before the survey and those respondents who experienced chills, breathing difficulty, dizziness, and sore throat.

Conclusion

Our results showed that about 64%, 87%, and 61% experienced depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and levels of stress, respectively. In Bangladesh, there is a need for better mental health support for females especially those that lived in Dhaka and Rangpur division and experienced chills, breathing difficulty, dizziness, and sore throat during COVID-19 and other future pandemics.

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