SARS-CoV-2-specific T Cell Memory is Sustained in COVID-19 Convalescents for 8 Months with Successful Development of Stem Cell-like Memory T Cells

Memory T cells contribute to rapid viral clearance during re-infection, but the longevity and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells remain unclear. We conducted direct ex vivo assays to evaluate SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 ⁺ and CD8 ⁺ T cell responses in COVID-19 convalescents up to 254 days post-symptom onset (DPSO). Here, we report that memory T cell responses were maintained during the study period. In particular, we observed sustained polyfunctionality and proliferation capacity of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. Among SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 ⁺ and CD8 ⁺ T cells detected by activation-induced markers, the proportion of stem cell-like memory T (T _SCM ) cells increased, peaking at approximately 120 DPSO. Development of T _SCM cells was confirmed by SARS-CoV-2-specific MHC-I multimer staining. Considering the self-renewal capacity and multipotency of T _SCM cells, our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are long-lasting after recovery from COVID-19. The current study provides insight for establishing an effective vaccination program and epidemiological measurement.