Re-opening schools in a context of low COVID-19 contagion: Consequences for teachers, students and their parents*

To balance children’s right to schooling with contagion management, knowing how school re-openings affect the spread of COVID-19 is crucial. This paper considers effects on testing and positive tests for COVID-19 of re-opening Norwegian schools after a six-week closure to reduce contagion. We estimate the effect of school reopening for teachers, parents and students using an event study/difference-in-differences design with comparison groups with minimal exposure to in-person schooling. We find no evidence that incidence increased following re-opening for either students, parents, or teachers pooled across grade levels. We find some suggestive evidence that infection rates among upper secondary school teachers increased; however, the effects are small and transitory. At low levels of contagion, schools can safely be re-opened when other social distancing policies remain in place.