Job stress and loneliness among remote workers
Abstract
Background
To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), physical distancing and isolation are crucial strategies in society. However, this response to the pandemic promotes loneliness. Previous studies have reported an increase in loneliness since the outbreak of COVID-19, but there is little evidence on the relationship between job stress and loneliness among remote workers.
Aims
To assess the relationship between job stress and loneliness among remote workers.
Methods
This study is a part of nation-wide cross-sectional online survey evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. A total of 27,036 full-time workers completed the self-administrated questionnaire in December 2020. We extracted data on 4,052 desk workers who indicated that they were doing remote work. Loneliness was assessed using a single question and job stress was measured using the Job Content Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was performed.
Results
Frequency of remote work was moderately associated with loneliness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.46, P = 0.033). Participants who reported of having a low level of co-worker or supervisor support had greater odds of feeling lonely than those who were highly supported (co-worker support: AOR = 4.06, 95% CI: 2.82–5.84, P <0.001; supervisor support: AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.79–3.47, P <0.001).
Conclusions
Co-worker support and supervisor support were strongly associated with loneliness, whereas frequency of remote work was moderately associated with feeling lonely. Support from co-workers and supervisors may be crucial factors to prevent loneliness caused by remote work.
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