Evaluation of lymphocyte subtypes in COVID-19 patients

  1. Mitra Rezaei
  2. Majid Marjani
  3. Payam Tabarsi
  4. Afshin Moniri
  5. Mihan purabdollah
  6. Zahra Abtahian
  7. Mehdi Kazempour Dizaji
  8. Neda Dalil Roofchayee
  9. Neda K. Dezfuli
  10. Davood Mansouri
  11. Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
  12. Mohamad Varahram
  13. Esmaeil Mortaz
  14. Ali Akbar Velayati
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Abstract

Background

Although the many aspects of COVID-19 have not been yet recognized, it seems that the dysregulation of the immune system has a very important role in the progression of the disease. In this study the lymphocyte subsets were evaluated in COVID-19 patients with different severity.

Methods

In this prospective study, the levels of peripheral lymphocyte subsets (CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + T cells; CD19 + and CD20 + B cells; CD16 + /CD56 + NK cells, and CD4 + /CD25 + /FOXP3 + regulatory T cells) were measured in 67 confirmed patients with COVID-19 on the first day of admission.

Results

The mean age of cases was 51.3 ± 14.8 years. Thirty-two patients (47.8%) were classified as severe cases and 11 (16.4%) patients were categorized as critical. The frequency of blood lymphocytes, CD3 + cells, CD25 + FOXP3 + T cells; and absolute count of CD3 + T cells, CD25 + FOXP3 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, CD16 + 56 + lymphocytes were lower in more severe cases in comparison to milder cases. Percentages of lymphocytes, T cells, and NK cells were significantly lower inthe patients who died (p= 0.002 and P= 0.042, p=0.006, respectively).

Conclusion

Findings of this cohort study suggests that the frequency of CD4 + , CD8 + , CD25 + FOXP3 + T cells, and NK cells were difference in the severe COVID-19 patients. Moreover, lower frequency of, T cells, and NK cells are predictors of mortality of these patients.

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