Genetic variation in ALDH4A1 predicts muscle health over the lifespan and across species

Environmental stress can negatively impact organismal aging, however, the long-term impact of endogenously derived reactive oxygen species from normal cellular metabolism remains less clear. Here we define the evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial enzyme ALH-6/ALDH4A1 as a biomarker for age-related changes in muscle health by combining C. elegans genetics and a gene-wide association study (GeneWAS) from aged human participants of the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) ^1–4 . In a screen for mutations that activate SKN-1-dependent oxidative stress responses in the muscle of C. elegans ^5–7 , we identified 96 independent genetic mutants harboring loss-of-function alleles of alh - 6 , exclusively. These genetic mutations map across the ALH-6 polypeptide, which lead to age-dependent loss of muscle health. Intriguingly, genetic variants in ALDH4A1 differentially impact age-related muscle function in humans. Taken together, our work uncovers mitochondrial alh - 6/ALDH4A1 as a critical component of normal muscle aging across species and a predictive biomarker for muscle health over the lifespan.