Emergence of two distinct SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variants and the rapid spread of P.1-like-II SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of COVID-19 in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil

  1. Dayane A. Padilha
  2. Vilmar Benetti-Filho
  3. Renato S. Moreira
  4. Tatiany A. T. Soratto
  5. Guilherme A. Maia
  6. Ana P. Christoff
  7. Fernando H. Barazzetti
  8. Marcos A. Schörner
  9. Fernanda L. Ferrari
  10. Carolina L. Martins
  11. Eric K. Kawagoe
  12. Julia K. Wachter
  13. Paula Sacchet
  14. Antuani R. Baptistella
  15. Aline D. Schlindwein
  16. Bruna K. Coelho
  17. Sandra B. Fernandes
  18. Darcita B. Rovaris
  19. Marlei P. D. Anjos
  20. Fernanda R. Melo
  21. Bianca Bittencourt
  22. Sthefani Cunha
  23. Karine L. Meneghetti
  24. Nestor Wendt
  25. Tamela Z. Madaloz
  26. Marcus V. D. Rodrigues
  27. Doris S. M. Souza
  28. Milene H. Moraes
  29. Rodrigo P. Baptista
  30. Guilherme Toledo-Silva
  31. Guilherme R. Maciel
  32. Edmundo C. Grisard
  33. Patrícia H. Stoco
  34. Luiz F. V. Oliveira
  35. Maria L. Bazzo
  36. Gislaine Fongaro
  37. Glauber Wagner
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Abstract

The Western mesoregion, the State of Santa Catarina (SC), Southern Brazil, was heavily affected as a whole by the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2021. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading patterns in the SC state through March 2020 to April 2021 using genomic surveillance. During this period, 23 distinct variants, including Beta and Gamma, among which, the Gamma and related lineages were predominant in the second pandemic wave within SC. A regionalization of P.1-like-II in the Western-SC region was observed, concomitant to the increase in cases, mortality, and case fatality rate (CFR) index. This is the first evidence of the regionalization of the SARS-CoV-2 in SC transmission and highlights the importance of tracking variants, dispersion, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the public health systems.

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