Aerosol measurement identifies SARS-CoV 2 PCR positive adults compared with healthy controls

  1. Desireé Gutmann
  2. Gerhard Scheuch
  3. Timon Lehmkühler
  4. Laura-Sabine Herrlich
  5. Martin Hutter
  6. Christoph Stephan
  7. Maria Vehreschild
  8. Yascha Khodamoradi
  9. Ann-Kathrin Gossmann
  10. Florian King
  11. Frederik Weis
  12. Maximilian Weiss
  13. Holger F Rabenau
  14. Juergen Graf
  15. Helena Donath
  16. Ralf Schubert
  17. Stefan Zielen
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Abstract

Background

SARS-CoV-2 is spread primarily through droplets and aerosols. Exhaled aerosols are generated in the lung periphery by ‘reopening of collapsed airways’. Aerosol measuring may detect highly contagious individuals (“super spreaders or super-emitters”) and discriminate between SARS-CoV-2 infected and non-infected individuals. This is the first study comparing exhaled aerosols in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and healthy controls.

Design

A prospective observational cohort study in 288 adults, comprising 64 patients testing positive by SARS CoV-2 PCR before enrollment, and 224 healthy adults testing negative (matched control sample) at the University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany, from February to June 2021. Study objective was to evaluate the concentration of exhaled aerosols during physiologic breathing in SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive and -negative subjects. Secondary outcome measures included correlation of aerosol concentration to SARS-CoV-2 PCR results, change in aerosol concentration due to confounders, and correlation between clinical symptoms and aerosol.

Results

There was a highly significant difference in respiratory aerosol concentrations between SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive (median 1490.5/L) and -negative subjects (median 252.0/L; p<0.0001). There were no significant differences due to age, sex, smoking status, or body mass index. ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.8918.

Conclusions

Measurements of respiratory aerosols were significantly elevated in SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals and may become a helpful tool in detecting highly infectious individuals via a noninvasive breath test.

Clinical Trial Number

<ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ClinicalTrials.gov">ClinicalTrials.gov</ext-link> Identifier: <ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="clintrialgov" xlink:href="NCT04739020">NCT04739020</ext-link>.

Summary of the main point

In this prospective, comparative cohort study, higher numbers of exhaled respiratory aerosols correlate with a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Measurement of exhaled aerosols may become a helpful tool in detecting contagious individuals via a readily available breath test.

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