Comparative analysis of the outcomes of COVID-19 between patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants: a retrospective cohort study

  1. Gunadi
  2. Mohamad Saifudin Hakim
  3. Hendra Wibawa
  4. Khanza Adzkia Vujira
  5. Dyah Ayu Puspitarani
  6. Endah Supriyati
  7. Ika Trisnawati
  8. Kristy Iskandar
  9. Riat El Khair
  10. Afiahayati
  11. Siswanto
  12. Yunika Puspadewi
  13. Irene
  14. Sri Handayani Irianingsih
  15. Edwin Widyanto Daniwijaya
  16. Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih
  17. Gita Christy Gabriela
  18. Esensi Tarian Geometri
  19. Laudria Stella Eryvinka
  20. Fadila Dyah Trie Utami
  21. Edita Mayda Devana
  22. Lanang Aditama
  23. Nathania Christi Putri Kinasih
  24. Verrell Christopher Amadeus
  25. Yekti Hediningsih
  26. Nur Rahmi Ananda
  27. Eggi Arguni
  28. Titik Nuryastuti
  29. Tri Wibawa
1 evaluations Published on
Read the full article Related papers
This article on Sciety

Abstract

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has replaced the previously dominant Delta variant because of high transmissibility. It is responsible for the current increase in the COVID-19 infectivity rate worldwide. However, studies on the impact of the Omicron variant on the severity of COVID-19 are still limited in developing countries. Here, we compared the outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants and associated with prognostic factors, including age, sex, comorbidities, and smoking.

Methods

We involved 352 patients, 139 with the Omicron variant and 213 with the Delta variant. The whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were conducted using the Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencer.

Results

Ct value and mean age of COVID-19 patients were not significantly different between both groups (Delta: 20.35 ± 4.07 vs. Omicron: 20.62 ± 3.75; p=0.540; and Delta: 36.52 ± 21.24 vs. Omicron: 39.10 ± 21.24; p=0.266, respectively). Patients infected with Omicron and Delta variants showed similar hospitalization (p=0.433) and mortality rates (p=0.565). Multivariate analysis showed that older age (≥65 years) had higher risk for hospitalization (OR=3.67 [95% CI=1.22-10.94]; p=0.019) and fatalities (OR=3.93 [95% CI=1.35-11.42]; p=0.012). In addition, patients with cardiovascular disease had higher risk for hospitalization (OR=5.27 [95% CI=1.07-25.97]; p=0.041), whereas patients with diabetes revealed higher risk for fatalities (OR=9.39 [95% CI=3.30-26.72]; p=<0.001).

Conclusions

Our study shows that patients infected with Omicron and Delta variants reveal similar clinical outcomes, including hospitalization and mortality. In addition, our findings further confirm that older age, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes are strong prognostic factors for the outcomes of COVID-19 patients.

Related articles

Related articles are currently not available for this article.