Impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on pneumococcal carriage prevalence and density in Vietnam

  1. Monica Larissa Nation
  2. Sam Manna
  3. Hau Phuc Tran
  4. Cattram Duong Nguyen
  5. Le Thi Tuong Vy
  6. Doan Y Uyen
  7. Tran Linh Phuong
  8. Vo Thi Trang Dai
  9. Belinda Daniela Ortika
  10. Ashleigh Christina Wee-Hee
  11. Jemima Beissbarth
  12. Jason Hinds
  13. Kathryn Bright
  14. Heidi Smith-Vaughan
  15. Thuong Vu Nguyen
  16. Kim Mulholland
  17. Beth Temple
  18. Catherine Satzke
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Abstract

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to contain SARS-CoV-2 have decreased invasive pneumococcal disease. We undertook an observational study to evaluate the impact of NPIs on pneumococcal carriage and density, drivers of transmission and disease, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. While NPIs did not significantly impact pneumococcal carriage, mean capsular pneumococcal density decreased by up to 91.5% (1.07 log 10 genome equivalents/mL, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.74-1.41) after NPI introduction compared with the pre-COVID-19 period. As higher pneumococcal density is a risk factor for disease, the observed decline provides a plausible mechanism for the reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease.

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