Trapped pore waters in the open proton channel H_V1

The voltage-gated proton channel, H_V1, is crucial for innate immune responses. According to alternative hypotheses, protons either hop on top of an uninterrupted water wire or bypass titratable amino acids, interrupting the water wire halfway across the membrane. To distinguish between both hypotheses, we estimate the water mobility for the putative case of an uninterrupted wire. The predicted single-channel water permeability 3×10⁻¹²cm³s⁻¹ reflects the permeability-governing number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules in single-file configuration and pore residues. However, the measured unitary water permeability does not confirm the prediction, i.e., it is negligible. Osmotic deflation of reconstituted lipid vesicles reveals trapped water inside the H_V1 wild-type channel and D174A mutant open at 0 mV. The conductance of 1400 H⁺ s⁻¹ per wild-type channel agrees with the calculated diffusion limit for a ~2 Å capture radius for protons. Removal of a charged amino acid (D174) at the pore mouth decreases H⁺ conductance, conceivably by reducing the capture radius. At least one intervening amino acid contributes to H⁺ conductance while blocking water flow.