The BK channel-NS1619 agonist complex reveals molecular insights on allosteric activation gating

BK channels play essential roles in a wealth of physiological functions, including regulating smooth muscle tone and neurotransmitter release. Its dysfunction, often caused by loss-of-function mutations, can lead to severe phenotypes, including ataxia and sensory impairment. Despite the therapeutic potential of BK channel agonists, the molecular mechanisms by which they stabilize the pore’s open conformation remain unclear. Using cryo-electron microscopy and molecular dynamic simulations, we identified that NS1619, a synthetic benzimidazolone agonist, first described as a BK opener, binds within a pocket formed by the S6/RCK1 linker and the S4 transmembrane segment. Agonist binding drives a twisting motion in the S6 segment, enabling critical interactions with residues K330, K331, and F223. Our findings clarify the mechanism of NS1619 and suggest that its binding site can accommodate other agonists, highlighting a promising target for therapeutic development.