Chromosome-level genome assembly ofTamarindus indica

Tamarindus indicais the sole member of the genusTamarindusof the Leguminosae family. It is a multipurpose horticultural plant, with every part of the plant finding importance in food, medicine, and other industries. To gain an understanding of genome structure and evolution, we reported the first high-quality genome assembly ofT. indicaanchored to 12 chromosomes with N50 of ∼56 Mb. Supported by comprehensive transcriptome data, we reported >48,000 protein-coding genes. Through phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis, we uncovered an independent whole-genome duplication event inT. indicaand highlighted the expression divergence of segmentally duplicated genes and their role in the better adaptivity of the plant. Our study thus provides first insights into its genomic organization, evolutionary history, and WGD event and thus becomes an important resource for future genetic and biotechnological studies to understand essential pathways and assist breeding programs for trait enhancements.