Reserpine prolongs lifespan but compromises heat-stress resilience in Drosophila melanogaster

Pharmacological modulation of monoaminergic signaling, a process targeted by many therapeutic and recreational drugs via receptors, transporters, degradation enzymes, or reuptake mechanisms, is emerging as a promising aging intervention and as a strategy to treat various maladies. Monoamines (including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) are central to the regulation of mood, movement, sleep, memory, and systemic physiology. Here, we demonstrate that Reserpine, chronic inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), robustly extends lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster in a dose-dependent manner. However, reserpine-treated flies also exhibit reduced locomotor activity and impaired survival under acute heat stress, indicating a context-dependent trade-off between lifespan extension and stress resilience. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that reserpine induces a transcriptionally repressed, low-energy state characterized by downregulation of metabolic, immune, and stress-response genes in treated aged animals. Notably, under heat stress, reserpine blunts the induction of canonical protective genes, including heat shock proteins and antioxidant genes, resulting in increased proteotoxic vulnerability. These findings highlight the potential trade-offs of monoaminergic modulation and support further investigation of VMAT inhibitors, monoamine modulators and other hypertension drugs as geroprotective agents.