Evaluating the Efficiency of Areke Distillation Process Using the Traditional Method of Distillation and Double Pipe Distillation: A Traditional Ethiopian Beverage

Background Areke is a popular traditional distilled beverage in semi-urban and rural areas in Ethiopia. Traditional areke distillation uses an open fire system which consumes a lot of firewood and produces a large amount of indoor air pollution. Methods The areke distiller apparatus (heat exchanger, condenser, energy-efficient stoves, storage tanks, and local areke extraction apparatus) was manufactured by technicians (welders). Different types of grains (wheat, millet, lupine, barley, and maize) were purchased at the neighborhood market. The traditional method of areke fermentation was prepared by an experienced woman brewer using a combination of ingredients using appropriate steps and procedures. The efficacy of a traditional stove, a modified stove, and a combination of a modified stove and double pipe were evaluated. The amount of ethanol was estimated by measuring the refractive index and specific gravity. Sensory evaluation of areke samples was evaluated by 10 consumer sensory panelists. Result The greatest ethanol concentration of the areke (53.75 ± 0.01 (% v/v)) was obtained from millet E (dagusa E) in double pipe distillation (E). The maize E (bekolo E) of overall acceptance had the greatest score (4.5 ± 0.01) compared to other areke sensory parameters. The alcoholic strength of lupine E ( gibeto E) was scored excellent (5.0 ± 0.01) compared to other areke sensory parameters. All of the judges agreed that traditional and double pipe areke consumption was acceptable. The combination of double pipe distillation and modified stove resulted in a 50% ± 0.15 reduction in the average amount of firewood used. The traditional open fire stove consumed more firewood (5.1 kg ± 0.1) than the combination of double pipe distillation and modified stove (2.5 kg ± 0.01). Conclusion These results indicate that the combination of double pipe distillation with modified stove had a better performance compared to the traditional Areke distillation.