Failure and Degradation Mechanisms of Steel Pipelines: Analysis and Development of Effective Preventive Strategies

In response to increasing challenges with respect to the reliability and durability of pipeline infrastructure, understanding the mechanisms that lead to the degradation and failure of steel pipelines is essential. This paper focuses on the analysis of selective corrosion and erosion as primary degradation mechanisms, employing advanced research methodologies, including macroscopic analysis, corrosion testing, microscopic examination, and mechanical strength testing. Selective corrosion, particularly in the heat-affected zones (HAZ) of the welds, and erosion were identified as critical damage mechanisms that often exacerbate each other. Detailed analysis of damaged pipeline segments was performed, evaluating the extent of weld degradation, and investigating the characteristics and morphology of corrosion pits. The study found that selective corrosion in longitudinal welds significantly undermines the integrity of the pipeline, with erosion further accelerating the degradation process. These findings are reinforced by strength analyzes and finite element modeling (FEM), demonstrating the critical impact of these degradation mechanisms on the structural integrity and load-bearing capacity of pipelines. The research underscores the importance of an integrated approach to monitoring and maintaining steel pipelines, highlighting the need for continued research to optimize material composition and welding techniques to mitigate susceptibility to selective corrosion and erosion. These insights are crucial in developing more robust preventive strategies to improve the service life of pipeline infrastructure.