Charting Sustainable Marine Environmental Conservation in Pakistan Legal & Regulatory Shortcomings and Aligning’s with Goals of SDG 14

Pakistan’s marine ecosystem confronts increasing threats from pollution, erosion of the coastline, and global warming, which are endangering its overall ecological and economic viability. The paper systematically analyzes the relationship between marine pollution, regulatory shortcomings, and the effects of climate change on Pakistan’s waters, emphasizing the alignment of policies with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 14 (Life Below Water). Data indicates concerning trends: untreated wastewater release, waste from industries, contamination by plastics, and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, significantly affecting the marine environment and fisheries. Furthermore, increasing water levels and upstream damming in the Indus Delta contribute to coastal erosion, rendering mangrove forests significant for biodiversity and erosion mitigation. The warming of the Arabian Sea has strengthened storms, heightening risks to coastal communities. This study applies a mixed-methods approach, incorporating qualitative research of legislative documents and international frameworks with quantitative data from governmental publications and internationally environmental organizations. Comparative case studies illustrate effective regulatory approaches. Graphical assessments of changes in the marine ecosystem, pollution levels, and SDG 14 indicators provide visual insights into Pakistan’s advancements and areas needing enhancement. The findings address severe deficiencies in Pakistan’s compliance with regulations and infrastructure, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive policy modifications, enhanced infrastructure investment, and fortified regional and international cooperation for achieving the objectives of SDG 14 (Life Below Water). Suggestions encompass the enhancement of waste treatment facilities, stronger enforcement of environmental regulations, and the strengthening of public-private collaborations. This study underlines the necessity for efficient, data-informed responses to safeguard Pakistan’s marine ecosystems and reduce climate-related threats, therefore guaranteeing sustainable development for coastal populations and biodiversity.