Studies on Component of Genetic Variance, Combining Ability and Heterotic Response for Yield and Yield Components in Wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.)

Research was conducted at three locations during the Rabi seasons of 2022&ndash;2023 and 2023&ndash;2024 with objective to find out the effects of General Combining Ability (GCA), Specific Combining Ability (SCA), and heterotic response on various yield and yield component traits in wheat. In Phase I, forty-five (45) hybrids were generated by the cross of fifteen lines with three testers. Phase II, Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replications, data were analyzed. Best lines for GCA were DH-3086, PBW-757 and tester PBW ZN1. Thus, GCA results can be used to improve yield; parent selection, and broad adaptability. High estimates of SCA found in genotypes PBW-677 X PBW-343, PBW-822 X PBW ZN1 and DH-3086 X PBW-343. This indicates SCA results can be used for identification of best crosses. Heterosis over better parent and standard varieties were identified (best genotypes were PBW-822 X PBW ZN1 and DH-3086 X PBW ZN1) can be used exploitation of heterosis for wheat improvement. Thus, research provide valuable insights into inheritance patterns for yield-related traits that underpin the development of advanced breeding techniques, including hybrid breeding and selection of superior parent that aimed at improvement of wheat production to ensure resilience against environmental stresses.