Refined Consolidation Settlement Calculation Based on the Oedometer Experiment for Non-sensitive Clays

This study presents an improved analytical approach for one-dimensional consolidation settlement by introducing a revised AJOP (Arc Joint via Optimum Parameters) equation. This modified equation integrates both curved and linear segments within a unified framework, enhancing accuracy across varying stress levels for normally consolidated clay. Additionally, the revised AJOP function, coupled with newly proposed equations for symmetrical and asymmetrical hysteresis, improves the modeling of overconsolidated clay. The findings from a comparative investigation using conventional methods, including the linear function (LF) and the curved function (CF), reveal that LF significantly overestimates settlement, while CF, though accurate at shallow depths, introduces slight errors at greater depths. The revised AJOP equation effectively resolves these limitations. Furthermore, results highlight the crucial impact of clay layering techniques on consolidation settlement predictions. Non-layered models yield lower settlement estimates compared to multilayer approaches, emphasizing the significance of the proper e-logs'v relationship and layering techniques in enhancing prediction reliability.