Biomimetic hybrid Liposome–Exosome nanoparticle: Shining a light on Theranostic agents in Breast cancer — A Systematic Review

Conventional chemotherapy for breast cancer is often constrained by systemic toxicity, limited tumor specificity, and uneven drug distribution. Exosome–liposome hybrid nanoplatforms have explored as a promising alternative approach by combining the natural biological functions of exosomes with the tunable structure of liposomes. Herein, a systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, searching through Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Our assessment focused on the design, characterization, therapeutic efficacy, and overall quality of these hybrids in breast cancer therapy. The reviewed studies showed that exosome–liposome hybrid nanovesicle enhance cellular uptake, tumor targeting ability, enable lysosomal escape, stability, drug loading capacity, and support multimodal therapeutic effects including chemotherapy, phototherapy, and immunomodulation. Of note, in vivo studies in mouse models reported meaningful tumor suppression, prolonged survival rate, reduced metastasis, and a favorable safety profile. However, several limitations were observed including poor reporting of experimental controls, inconsistent hybridization and cargo-loading protocols, and a lack of long-term stability data which hinder comparability and slow down the clinical translation. Overall, exosome–liposome hybrid nanovesicle represent a biologically synergistic and versatile platform for breast cancer treatment. Notably, advancing these systems into clinical trials will require standardized methods, rigorous bias control, thorough pharmacokinetic and immunological studies, and scalable manufacturing processes that comply with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards.