Early Growth Responses of Green Gram (Vigna radiata) under Different Environmental Conditions: A Comparative Study

This study evaluated the early growth responses of green gram ( Vigna radiata ) under four contrasting environmental conditions over a 10-day experimental period. Four treatment conditions were examined: artificial grow-light with drip irrigation and smoke exposure (P1), artificial grow-light with drip irrigation (P2), natural sunlight with drip irrigation (P3), and natural sunlight with surface irrigation (P4). Morphological parameters, including plant height, leaf length, leaf width, root development, and stem characteristics, were assessed on Days 4, 7, and 10. By Day 10, P1 showed the highest observed plant height (13.5 cm), leaf length (3.0 cm), and leaf width (1.2 cm), followed by P2 (12.5 cm, 2.7 cm, and 1.0 cm, respectively), P3 (12.0 cm, 2.5 cm, and 0.9 cm), and P4 (9.5 cm, 2.0 cm, and 0.5 cm). Qualitative observations indicated greater root branching in P1 and greater root elongation in P2, while P4 exhibited comparatively limited root development and weaker stems. The observed differences suggest that the combination of artificial lighting and drip irrigation was associated with greater early morphological development under the conditions examined. The additional association observed with smoke exposure in P1 warrants further investigation using replicated experiments and controlled assessment of smoke-related exposure. Given the exploratory nature and limited replication of the present study, the findings should be interpreted as preliminary evidence rather than definitive treatment effects. The study provides a basis for further investigation of environmental manipulation in controlled cultivation of green gram.