Does aging population structure affect economic growth through human capital?

This paper takes the relationship between population aging, human capital and economic growth as the research object, and makes an in-depth discussion from the perspective of age distribution of the elderly population. With the acceleration of global population aging, the proportion of the elderly population in the total population is increasing year by year, which has brought profound impact on economic and social development. However, the age distribution of the elderly population also has an important impact on economic growth. Through the construction of three panel models, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, population aging has a complex nonlinear impact on economic growth. With the increase of the proportion of the elderly population, the economic growth shows an inverted U-shaped relationship, showing a situation of "increasing first and then decreasing". Secondly, the impact of the elderly at different ages on economic growth is also different. Finally, human capital plays a moderating role in population aging and economic growth. Improving the level of human capital of the elderly population can alleviate the negative impact of population aging on economic growth and promote sustainable economic development.