An ISCHO based 2-degree-of-freedom double integral feedback controller for power system load frequency control

Power system load frequency control is a key component in maintaining the stability of the power system, but the integration of renewable energy sources poses additional challenges in maintaining this balance. Due to the intermittency and unsustainability of renewable energy, a new controller, 2-degree-of-freedom double integral feedback controller (2DOF-PIDF-II), is proposed to effectively reduce the errors caused by intermittency and unsustainability. In addition, an improved Sinh Cosh optimizer (ISCHO) is proposed to adjust the parameters of the proposed 2DOF-PIDF-II controller according to the characteristics of excessive controller parameters. The performance of the proposed 2DOF-PIDF-II controller based on ISCHO is evaluated through a two-area interconnected power system, each area containing various conventional generation units and renewables units. Furthermore, system nonlinearities, system uncertainties, and load fluctuations are considered in designing the proposed controller. The effectiveness of the proposed 2DOF-PIDF-II controller based on ISCHO is verified by comparing its performance with other control techniques in the literature and optimization algorithm.