Nephroprotective Activity of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Vachellia origena (Hunde) Kyal.

Vachellia origena is a medicinal plant distributed in J. Saber, Alturba, Ibb, Dhamar, Sanaa, Haraz, Shibam, and Yafea. They are used medically to treat many diseases, such as antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of V. origena ethanolic leaves extract on biochemical parameter activities and protection against histopathological changes of kidneys induced by paracetamol in male guinea pigs. 28 male guinea pigs (350–650 g) were randomly assigned into seven groups of five guinea pigs each. Group I served as the control group. Group II received PCM (500 mg/kg) alone, Group III received PCM and proximol (0.8 mg/kg), Group IV received 100 mg/kg V. origena leaves extract alone, and Group V received 200 mg/kg V. origena leaves extract alone. In group VI, we were administered PCM (500 mg/kg) and 100 mg/kg V. origena leaves extract. Meanwhile, in group VII were administered with PCM (500mg/kg) and 200 mg/kg V. origena leaves extract. The treatment period lasted for ten days, after which sera were harvested and assayed for serum kidney indices using standard methods. Obtained results showed that the PCM-only group increased level of serum urea and creatinine and decreased levels of total protein and albumin. Also, it caused many histopathological changes. While treatment with the ethanolic leaves extract of V. origena (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) prevented the kidney from intoxication induced by PCM and decreased the level of histopathological lesions in guinea pigs. Data from our study suggest that the ethanolic extract of the leaves of the plant V. origena has protective effects against PCM-induced kidney toxicity.