Vulnerability Assessment of Vehicle Access System using Software-Defined Radio (SDR): Attacks, Testing, Comparative Analysis and Future Countermeasures

Remote Keyless Entry systems have become an integral component of contemporary vehicles, enhancing user convenience while simultaneously posing potential security challenges. However, with this convenience comes a growing concern over potential security vulnerabilities, particularly those involving radio frequency (RF) attacks such as replay attacks, relay attacks, and signal jamming. This research paper investigates the vulnerabilities of RKE systems across multiple car models, evaluating their susceptibility to RF-based exploits. Our testing results reveal significant disparities in the security robustness of different car models, highlighting the need for improved encryption protocols and signal authentication mechanisms. This study provides a comparative analysis of RKE vulnerabilities, offering insights into the current state of automotive security and proposing recommendations for mitigating risks associated with RF attacks. By offering a comparative analysis of performance and security parameters, this research aims to inform automotive manufacturers, cybersecurity experts, and consumers about the inherent risks associated with current RKE implementations and to advocate for the development and adoption of more secure vehicular access technologies.