Interpolymer Interactions and Physicochemical Properties of Dual-Jet Electrospun PCL/PVA Nanofibers for Tunable Biodegradable Mats

This study explores the development and characterization of dual-jet electrospun nanofibrous mats composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), designed to integrate the advantageous properties of both polymers into a structurally cohesive and functionally responsive scaffold. The dual-nozzle electrospinning process produced uniform, bead-free, and interpenetrating fibrous architectures. FTIR analysis indicated intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups of PVA and the carbonyl groups of PCL, suggesting enhanced interfacial compatibility between the polymer phases.The composite mats exhibited improved tensile strength (~ 0.8 MPa) and elongation (~ 130%) compared to single-polymer controls, along with pH-responsive degradation behavior and high water absorption capacity (~ 800%). Water vapor transmission rate measurements confirmed adequate breathability (3100 g/m²/day), while in vitro assays demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility and fibroblast adhesion. Although no active antimicrobial agents were included, the mats showed mild antibacterial activity, likely influenced by their surface morphology and physicochemical composition.Overall, the findings highlight the potential of dual-jet electrospun PCL/PVA mats as tunable, biocompatible platforms for biomedical applications requiring balanced mechanical performance, moisture management, and controlled degradation.