Participatory Management of Older Adult Schools in Rural Thailand: Integrating Local Wisdom for Dementia Prevention, Caregiver Support, and Intergenerational Engagement

Purpose This study aimed to develop and validate a participatory management model for older adult schools that combines local cultural wisdom with modern health and education strategies. The model was designed to promote dementia prevention, strengthen intergenerational relationships, and support family caregivers in rural northern Thailand. Methods The research was carried out in three older adult schools located in Uttaradit, Phrae, and Nan provinces. A total of 195 stakeholders participated, including older learners, caregivers, local wisdom practitioners, and municipal leaders. Data were collected through focus group discussions, individual interviews, needs assessments, participant observations, and evaluation surveys. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests, while qualitative data were coded thematically to identify priorities and guide model development. Results The model included dementia risk-reduction activities such as memory games, traditional crafts, exercise sessions, and nutrition workshops. It also incorporated intergenerational programs and caregiver respite opportunities. Flexible delivery modes, including on-site sessions, home visits, and digital platforms, improved access for homebound and socially isolated older adults. Stakeholders rated the model highly for relevance (mean 4.82 out of 5), cultural appropriateness (4.88), and feasibility (4.75). Intergenerational activities increased respect and interaction between generations while providing meaningful relief for caregivers. Conclusions A participatory and culturally grounded approach can transform older adult schools into community hubs for cognitive health, caregiver support, and social connection. The model is adaptable to other rural and resource-limited settings and supports global goals for healthy ageing.