Analysis of the retraction papers in microRNA field from Chinese scholars between 2009 to 2022

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in gene expression regulation. Since their discovery in the early 1990s, miRNAs have become a significant focus in life sciences and medical research, particularly in China. Despite this, issues of scientific ethics and research integrity have arisen, leading to a notable number of retractions. Methods Data on retracted papers from Chinese scholars with "microRNA" or "miRNA" in their titles, published between 2009 and 2022, were sourced from the Retraction Watch database. Data were analyzed using Excel and figures were generated with the CNSknowall platform. Results A total of 1063 retracted papers were identified, with 992 unique entries. Retractions peaked in 2020. The most common reasons for retraction were paper mills (48.3%), duplication of Image (40.3%), and concerns/issues about data (37.2%). Investigations by journals or publishers accounted for 24.0% of retractions. Most retractions (77.8%) occurred within four years of publication, with the longest delay being nearly 14 years. The retracted papers were from 42 publishers and 161 journals, with the top ten publishers accounting for 86.1% of retractions. Oncology/Cancer was the most affected discipline (54.6%). Discussion The increasing volume of publications by Chinese scholars has highlighted issues of scientific integrity. The high pressure to publish, linked to career advancement and financial incentives, has led to unethical practices. While recent efforts by the NSFC to impose penalties and increase scrutiny have led to a decline in retractions, ongoing efforts to enforce ethical standards are crucial. Training and promoting a culture of transparency and accountability are essential to maintain scientific rigor. Conclusion The high number of retractions in miRNAs research is largely due to standardized methods that facilitate fraud. Increased oversight and enforcement of research integrity, coupled with training programs, are vital to ensuring the credibility of scientific research. There is hope that stricter penalties and greater attention to scientific misconduct will reverse the trend of rising retractions.