Implementing Work Ability Management: A Mixed-Methods Study from Supervisors' Perspectives

Purpose Effective Work Ability Management (WAM) is crucial due to the high rates of mental health-related sickness absence, an aging workforce, and financial pressures on wellbeing services counties in Finland. The gap between knowledge and practice suggests inefficient implementation. This study applied the COM-B model for behavior change to explore WAM implementation from supervisors´ perspectives. The study aimed to (1) identify facilitators and barriers to WAM implementation and (2) to co-create a checklist and recommendations to support supervisors in public social and health care organizations. Methods A mixed-method design was applied in six phases: data collection on workplace WAM models, conducting surveys, focus-group interviews, feedback sessions, and two co-creation workshops. Results The main facilitators and barriers influencing WAM implementation were identified under five themes: knowledge-based management, models and practices, collaboration and support, information flow, and organizational culture. These themes were operationalized into 24 checklist statements and nine recommendations outlining responsibilities, actions, and monitoring needs. They assist organizations in analyzing WAM´s current state and planning targeted development actions. Conclusion Successful WAM implementation is influenced by the five identified themes. Strengthening communication and collaboration structures is essential. Enhancing supervisors´ capabilities through training, improving implementation opportunities by strengthening knowledge-based management practices, ensuring support, and motivating them with clear objectives and feedback are crucial. Considering the context and establishing a steering group can ensure consistent implementation of checklist and recommendations across social and health care sectors. Further research is needed to validate the tool and assess its impact on work ability and organizational outcomes.