Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity in the Elderly: A Qualitative Study on the Perceptions of Elderly, Caretakers and Healthcare Professionals

Background The global elderly population, set to double by 2050, faces increasing concerns about their physical well-being. Studies indicate rising inactivity among them, with factors like dependence and limited engagement. Despite WHO's recommendation of 150 weekly minutes of activity, many elderly fail to meet this due to various reasons. In South Western Uganda, 51.5% of elderly were found to be physically inactive. Some studies have found out that facilitators of physical activity among the elderly include community support, cultural values, and motivation, while barriers involve insufficient facilities, social support, and finances. Although physical inactivity among the elderly is prevalent in the region, there is limited literature exploring the facilitators and barriers to physical activity among the elderly in south western Uganda. Methods We recruited 22 participants who are elderly, caretakers, and healthcare professionals, where qualitative research was used designed and convenience sampling was used to recruit study participants. Data was collected using focus group discussions and in depths, semi-structured interview guides and audio recorders were used. Data was analyzed using an inductive thematic data analysis approach. Results The study revealed three main themes and nine subthemes: Engagement in Physical Activity included two subthemes i.e. i) Engagement in light intensity physical activities, and ii) Irregular frequency of engagement in physical activities. Facilitators of Physical Activity included three subthemes i.e. i) Social meetings and support, ii) Mobility aids, and iii) Medical workers' advice. Barriers to Physical Activity encompassed four subthemes i.e. i) Health problems, ii) Aging, iii) Insufficient knowledge about physical activity, and iv) Lack of self-motivation. Conclusion The study found out that elderly at ROTOM engage in light intensity activities, a positive behavior compared to being sedentary. However, to maximize health benefits, transitioning to moderate or high intensity activities is suggested. Strengthening facilitators and addressing barriers could promote recommended activity thus enhancing elderly quality of life.