Seismic Actions on Long Tunnels: Records from 1-g Shaking Table Tests

This paper presents the current research progress in long tunnels subjected to earthquakes. Using the facilities of the multi-functional laboratory of the state-key laboratory, a series of large-scale shaking table tests were completed considering long tunnels under the excitation of travelling waves or junction structures, ground variations, tunnels crossing liquefiable ground, and fault sites under strong shaking. The test results were compared with numerical and analytical calculations to help understand this sophisticated problem. Several meaningful records can be used for the aseismic design of long tunnels and validation of the design formula.